Повелительное наклонение. Imperative
Словарь для работы с письмом:
compare with – сравнивать с
requirement – требования
applicable – применимый
require – требовать
to be measured – необходимо измерить
misinterpretation – неверное толкование
to be prohibited – быть под запретом, быть запрещенным
Вставьте слова в пропуски:
– A mistake or …………….. could cause a conflict.
– Passengers …………………. to be in the engine room.
– I …………… the old cylinder head……. the new one.
– Some mechanisms ………….. water for cooling.
– The level of oil is ………………… by an engineer.
– There is a strict ………………. for all engineers about their clothing.
– We also provide online support when it is …………………… and required.
Read text for ONE minute and choose:
What is the text about?
– Condition of lubricity
– Oil doesn’t meet requirements.
Read text for THREE minutes and answer the questions.
What were the results compared with? Which lubricity is applicable to clear and bright distilled fuels?
Subject: Specification Met
Dear Customer,
Please find the attached Analysis Report for H…..
Specification
– — – — – — – —
Results were compared with ISO 8217:2010 specification DMA, table 1 and annex A. Based on this sample and the tested parameters the specification is met.
For this specification a lubricity requirement of max. 520 µm is applicable to clear and bright distillate fuels with a sulfur content below 0.05 mass %. Please inform us if you require lubricity to be measured.
Operational
– — – — – — —
No comments given
The reports can also be viewed on the data access page at …………
For assistance or further information on this report contact your nearest VPS office or use the contact details as given in the report.
Best Regards,
On behalf of
Asst. Technical Support Engineer
Reference to part (s) of this report which may lead to misinterpretation is prohibited
Work with the text.
Look at the words, which are in bold and answer questions.
Are they verbs or nouns?
Are they about the past or present?
Are they instructions?
From the text is it obvious who these words refer to?
When we see the verbs, which are in present tense, which gives instructions and these instructions refer to nobody, we see imperative.
To make imperative we need a verb without to, for example:
Control
Check
Pay attention to
Stop
Produce
Put the words in the correct gaps:
Pay attention to Stop Control Produce Check
1. ……. the boiler immediately
2. …………… the inspection of the boiler under steam.
3. …………… signs characterizing overheating of the boiler elements.
4. …………….the pressure in the boiler.
5. …………….. the absence of knocks, noise, vibration
Now think how you can use these instructions in your work. Write your ideas down.
Check…………………………………
Control ………………………………
Pay attention to……………………..
Produce …………………………….
Stop ……………………………….
Самый простой способ объяснить, что тут происходит, это поговорить про окно.
«Закрой окно», «Закройте окно», «Откройте окно». Мы даем инструкцию или команду. Кому мы ее даем? Вообще не важно. Вот и в самой конструкции это не отражается. Даже в русском не отражается. Держим в голове, что время настоящее.
Теперь переводим то, что в кавычках, получаем: «Close window», «Close window», «Open window». Обратите внимание, что глагол «close» не меняется вообще никак и неважно к какому количеству людей мы обращаемся.